AP US History
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1. Review MC from Period 5 test
2. APUSH EXPLAINED - "Conquering the West" slideshow 3. APUSH EXPLAINED - "Gilded Age Politics" slideshow
4. Westward Expansion Kahoot! HW
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1. Recontruction Crash Course Review
2. Trump lawyer cites 1876 crisis to rebuke Electoral College suit 2. Finish APUSH Explained - Reconstruction Slideshow 3. Work on 1996 DBQ How REVOLUTIONARY were the constitutional and social developments of the Reconstruction era? A. Examples of Constitutional and Social Developments Group 1 (block 4) - add examples here Group 2 (block 4) - add examples here Group 1 (block 1) - Constitutional Developments- add examples here Group 2 (block 1) - Social Developments - add examples here Each person in the group must analyze one example (from concept outline - see below) that fits in your groups category B. Analyze/Discuss Documents C. Work on Outlines
HW - prepare for test Period 5 - Key Concept 5.3 Key Concept 5.3: The Union victory in the Civil War and the contested Reconstruction of the South settled the issues of slavery and secession, but left unresolved many questions about the power of the federal government and citizenship rights. I. The North’s greater manpower and industrial resources, the leadership of Abraham Lincoln and others, and the decision to emancipate slaves eventually led to the Union military victory over the Confederacy in the devastating Civil War. A. Both the Union and the Confederacy mobilized their economies and societies to wage the war even while facing considerable home front opposition. Examples: Lincoln’s suspension of habeas corpus (1861), Morrill Tariff (1861), Southern Conscription Act (1862), National Bank Act (1863), Northern Conscription Act of 1863, “rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight”, NYC draft riots (1863), Radical Republicans, War Democrats, Peace Democrats, Copperheads, Order of the Sons of Liberty (1864) B. Lincoln and most Union supporters began the Civil War to preserve the Union, but Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation reframed the purpose of the war and helped prevent the Confederacy from gaining full diplomatic support from European powers. Many African Americans fled southern plantations and enlisted in the Union Army, helping to undermine the Confederacy. Examples: Trent Affair (1861), Alabama commerce raider (1862), Emancipation Proclamation (1863), enlistment of African Americans, Massachusetts 54th Regiment (1863), C. Lincoln sought to reunify the country and used speeches such as the Gettysburg Addressto portray the struggle against slavery as the fulfillment of America’s founding democratic ideals. Examples: Battle of Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address (1863), “Four score and seven years…” D. Although the Confederacy showed military initiative and daring early in the war, the Union ultimately succeeded due to improvements in leadership and strategy, key victories, greater resources, and the wartime destruction of the South’s infrastructure.. Examples: Anaconda Plan (1861), Antietam (1862), Gettysburg (1863), Vicksburg (1863), Union’s “total war” strategy, Sherman’s March to the Sea (1864), Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Courthouse (1865) II. Reconstruction and the Civil War ended slavery, altered relationships between the states and the federal government, and led to debates over new definitions of citizenship, particularly regarding the rights of African Americans, women, and other minorities. A. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery, while the 14th and15th Amendmentsgranted African Americans citizenship, equal protection under the laws, and voting rights. Examples: 13th Amendment (1865), 14th Amendment (1868), 15th Amendment (1870) B. The women’s rights movement was both emboldened and divided over the 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution. Examples: Opposition of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, National Women’s Suffrage Association (1869), American Women’s Suffrage Association (1869) C. Efforts by radical and moderate Republicans to change the balance of power between Congress and the presidency and to reorder race relations in the defeated South yielded some short-term successes. Reconstruction opened up political opportunities and other leadership roles to former slaves, but it ultimately failed, due both to determined Southern resistance and the North’s waning resolve. Examples: Black codes, Ku Klux Klan (1866), Presidential vs. Radical Reconstruction (1865-1867), Military Reconstruction (1867-1877), carpetbaggers, scalawags, Senator Hiram Revels, Senator Blache K Bruce, Representative Robert Smalls, Johnson’s veto of Freedman’s Bureau and Civil Rights Act of 1866, Tenure of Office Act (1867), impeachment of President Johnson (1868), Redeemer governments (Solid South), Enforcement Acts (1870-1871) D. Southern plantation owners continued to own the majority of the region’s land even after Reconstruction. Former slaves sought land ownership but generally fell short of self-sufficiency, as an exploitative and soil-intensive sharecropping system limited blacks’ and poor whites’ access to land in the South. Examples: black codes, sharecropping, tenant farming, crop-lien system, peonage system, Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) E. Segregation, violence, Supreme Court decisions, and local political tactics progressively stripped away African American rights, but the 14th and 15th Amendments eventually became the basis for court decisions upholding civil rights in the 20th century. Examples: Compromise of 1877, poll taxes, literacy tests to vote, Jim Crow laws, grandfather clauses. Civil Rights Cases (1883), Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 1. Intro to "13" (0-9:22)
2. APUSH Explained - Reconstruction Slideshow 3. How REVOLUTIONARY were the constitutional, social and political developments of the Reconstruction era? Group 1 - Constitutional - add thesis and examples here Group 2 - Social - add thesis and examples here As a group: 1. Come up with a thesis statement that addresses the question in the context of your category 2. Each person in the group must analyze one example (from concept outline - see below) that could be used as evidence to support the claim made in your group's thesis. HW
Period 5 - Key Concept 5.3-II II. Reconstruction and the Civil War ended slavery, altered relationships between the states and the federal government, and led to debates over new definitions of citizenship, particularly regarding the rights of African Americans, women, and other minorities. A. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery, while the 14th and15th Amendmentsgranted African Americans citizenship, equal protection under the laws, and voting rights. Examples: 13th Amendment (1865), 14th Amendment (1868), 15th Amendment (1870) B. The women’s rights movement was both emboldened and divided over the 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution. Examples: Opposition of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, National Women’s Suffrage Association (1869), American Women’s Suffrage Association (1869) C. Efforts by radical and moderate Republicans to change the balance of power between Congress and the presidency and to reorder race relations in the defeated South yielded some short-term successes. Reconstruction opened up political opportunities and other leadership roles to former slaves, but it ultimately failed, due both to determined Southern resistance and the North’s waning resolve. Examples: Black codes, Ku Klux Klan (1866), Presidential vs. Radical Reconstruction (1865-1867), Military Reconstruction (1867-1877), carpetbaggers, scalawags, Senator Hiram Revels, Senator Blache K Bruce, Representative Robert Smalls, Johnson’s veto of Freedman’s Bureau and Civil Rights Act of 1866, Tenure of Office Act (1867), impeachment of President Johnson (1868), Redeemer governments (Solid South), Enforcement Acts (1870-1871) D. Southern plantation owners continued to own the majority of the region’s land even after Reconstruction. Former slaves sought land ownership but generally fell short of self-sufficiency, as an exploitative and soil-intensive sharecropping system limited blacks’ and poor whites’ access to land in the South. Examples: black codes, sharecropping, tenant farming, crop-lien system, peonage system, Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) E. Segregation, violence, Supreme Court decisions, and local political tactics progressively stripped away African American rights, but the 14th and 15th Amendments eventually became the basis for court decisions upholding civil rights in the 20th century. Examples: Compromise of 1877, poll taxes, literacy tests to vote, Jim Crow laws, grandfather clauses. Civil Rights Cases (1883), Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 1. Civil War Quiz
2. Politics during the Civil War - APUSH Explained Civil War Slideshow 2. Crash Course Civil War Pt.2 3. Excerpts from Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States, Ch. 9: Slavery Without Submission, Emancipation Without Freedom "When it was proposed to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia, which did not have the rights of a state that was directly under the jurisdiction of Congress, Lincoln said this would be Constitutional, but it should not be done unless the people in the District wanted it. Since most there were white, this killed the idea. As Hofstadter said of Lincoln's statement, it "breathes the fire of an uncompromising insistence on moderation." Lincoln refused to denounce the Fugitive Slave Law publicly. He wrote to a friend: "I confess I hate to see the poor creatures hunted down…but I bite my lips and keep quiet." And when he did propose, in 1849, as a Congressman, a resolution to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia, he accompanied this with a section requiring local authorities to arrest and return fugitive slaves coming into Washington. (This led Wendell Phillips, the Boston abolitionist, to refer to him years later as "that slavehound from Illinois.") He opposed slavery, but could not see blacks as equals, so a constant theme in his approach was to free the slaves and to send them back to Africa. In his 1858 campaign in Illinois for the Senate against Stephen Douglas, Lincoln spoke differently depending on the views of his listeners (and also perhaps depending on how close it was to the election). Speaking in northern Illinois in July (in Chicago), he said: Let us discard all this quibbling about this man and the other man, this race and that race and the other race being inferior, and therefore they must be placed in an inferior position. Let us discard all these things, and unite as one people throughout this land, until we shall once more stand up declaring that all men are created equal. Two months later in Charleston, in southern Illinois, Lincoln told his audience: I will say, then, that I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races (applause); that I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people.. . . And inasmuch as they cannot so live, while they do remain together there must be the position of superior and inferior, and I as much as any other man am in favor of having the superior position assigned to the white race. An exchange of letters between Lincoln and Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, in August of 1862, gave Lincoln a chance to express his views. Greeley wrote: Dear Sir. I do not intrude to tell you-for you must know already-that a great proportion of those who triumphed in your election ... are sorely disappointed and deeply pained by the policy you seem to be pursuing with regard to the slaves of rebels,... We require of you, as the first servant of the Republic, charged especially and preeminently with this duty, that you EXECUTE THE LAWS. ... We think you are strangely and disastrously remiss . .. with regard to the emancipating provisions of the new Confiscation Act.... We think you are unduly influenced by the councils ... of certain politicians hailing from the Border Slave States. Greeley appealed to the practical need of winning the war. "We must have scouts, guides, spies, cooks, teamsters, diggers and choppers from the blacks of the South, whether we allow them to fight for us or not.... I entreat you to render a hearty and unequivocal obedience to the law of the land." Lincoln had already shown his attitude by his failure to countermand an order of one of his commanders, General Henry Halleck, who forbade fugitive Negroes to enter his army's lines. Now he replied to Greeley: Dear Sir: ... I have not meant to leave any one in doubt. .. . My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy Slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that. What I do about Slavery and the colored race, I do because it helps to save this Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save the Union. . .. I have here stated my purpose according to my view of official duty, and I intend no modification of my oft-expressed personal wish that all men, everywhere, could be free. Yours. A. Lincoln. So Lincoln distinguished between his "personal wish" and his "official duty." When in September 1862, Lincoln issued his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, it was a military move, giving the South four months to stop rebelling, threatening to emancipate their slaves if they continued to fight, promising to leave slavery untouched in states that came over to the North: That on the 1st day of January, AD 1863, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward and forever free. . . . Thus, when the Emancipation Proclamation was issued January 1, 1863, it declared slaves free in those areas still fighting against the Union (which it listed very carefully), and said nothing about slaves behind Union lines. As Hofstadter put it, the Emancipation Proclamation "had all the moral grandeur of a bill of lading." The London Spectator wrote concisely: "The principle is not that a human being cannot justly own another, but that he cannot own him unless he is loyal to the United States." Limited as it was, the Emancipation Proclamation spurred antislavery forces. By the summer of 1864, 400,000 signatures asking legislation to end slavery had been gathered and sent to Congress, something unprecedented in the history of the country. That April, the Senate had adopted the Thirteenth Amendment, declaring an end to slavery, and in January 1865, the House of Representatives followed. With the Proclamation, the Union army was open to blacks. And the more blacks entered the war, the more it appeared a war for their liberation. The more whites had to sacrifice, the more resentment there was, particularly among poor whites in the North, who were drafted by a law that allowed the rich to buy their way out of the draft for $300. And so the draft riots of 1863 took place, uprisings of angry whites in northern cities, their targets not the rich, far away, but the blacks, near at hand. It was an orgy of death and violence. A black man in Detroit described what he saw: a mob, with kegs of beer on wagons, armed with clubs and bricks, marching through the city, attacking black men, women, children. He heard one man say: "If we are got to be killed up for Negroes then we will kill every one in this town." 4. Lincoln Debate:
5. Introduction to Recontruction: Reconstruction Slide Show HW - Ch. 15 1. Louis CK as Lincoln
2. Continue Important Civil War Events - APUSH Explained Civil War Slideshow A. Prepare for Civil War Quiz 1. Major advantages of the North at the beginning of the war. 2. Major advantages held by the South at the beginning of the war. 3. Who were the Border states and why did Lincoln believe them to be necessary in winning the war? 4. What were Lincoln's reasons for issuing the Emancipation Proclamation? 5. Support, refute, or modify: Lincoln should be credited with freeing the slaves 6. Republican Legislation during war 7. Impact of the War 1. Causes of the Civil War Quiz Causes of the Civil War
2. Intro video (Civil War by Ken Burns) 3. Civil War "by the numbers" 4. Death for American Wars Compared 3. Overview of the timeline for thelead-up to war: 1850 Compromise of 1850
1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom's Cabin as a response to the pro-slavery movement. 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act passes Congress and thus overturns the Missouri Compromise opening the Northern territory to slavery. 1855 Bleeding Kansas - As Kansas prepares for elections thousands of Border Ruffians from Missouri enter the territory in an effort to influence the election. This begins the Bloody Kansas period with duplicate constitutional conventions, separate elections and constant and violent attacks. 1856 May - Caning of Sen. Charles Sumber: Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner delivers a speech attacking slavery supporters in the Senate. He singles out Senator Andrew Butler of South Carolina in his speech. Two days later, South Carolina Representative Preston Brooks, Butler's nephew, attacks Sumner on the Senate floor and beats him with a cane. The House did not expel or censure Brooks for the attack, Sumner took three years to recover. 1857 Dred Scott Decision - The Supreme Court rules in Scott v. Sandford that blacks are not U.S. citizens, and slaveholders have the right to take existing slaves into free areas of the county. 1859 October - John Brown attacks Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Robert E. Lee, then a Federal Army regular leads the troops and captures Brown. John Brown and two of the black members of his band were hanged. 1860 The results of the 1860 census shows:
November - Abraham Lincoln is elected president. Lincoln received 40% of the popular vote and won 59% of the Electoral votes. He was not even on the ballot in the deep south. December - On December 20th South Carolina convention passes ordinance of secession thus seceding from the Union. The Declaration of Secession for South Carolina states: "We affirm that these ends for which this Government was instituted have been defeated, and the Government itself has been made destructive of them by the action of the non-slaveholding States. Those States have assumed the right of deciding upon the propriety of our domestic institutions; and have denied the rights of property established in fifteen of the States and recognized by the Constitution; they have denounced as sinful the institution of slavery; they have permitted open establishment among them of societies, whose avowed object is to disturb the peace and to eloign the property of the citizens of other States. They have encouraged and assisted thousands of our slaves to leave their homes; and those who remain, have been incited by emissaries, books and pictures to servile insurrection." December 26 - U.S. Major-General Robert Anderson moves his troops from Ft. Moultrie, in Charleston, South Carolina, to Ft. Sumter. 1861 January - Attack on Ft. Sumter (SC) - On January 9th an unarmed merchant ship, Star of the West, arrives in Charleston Harbor with troops and supplies to reinforce Ft. Sumter. The ship is fired upon and retreats. Also on this day Mississippi secedes from the Union. The Declaration of Secession for Mississippi states: "Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery - the greatest material interest of the world. Its labor supplies the product which constitutes by far the largest and most important portions of commerce of the earth." January 10 - Florida secedes from the Union. January 11 - Alabama secedes from the Union. January 16 - The Senate refuses to consider the The Crittenden Compromise, one of several failed attempts to ease tension between the North and South. The compromise contained six proposals for constitutional amendments, and four proposals for Congressional resolution including the re-application of the north/south boundary from the Missouri Compromise, stated that the federal government could not interfere with slavery where it already existed and could not interfere with the recovery of slaves from any part of the Union. January 19 - Georgia secedes from the Union. Georgia's Declaration of Secession is approved stating: "For the last ten years we have had numerous and serious causes of complaint against our non-slave-holding confederate States with reference to the subject of African slavery. They have endeavored to weaken our security, to disturb our domestic peace and tranquility, and persistently refused to comply with their express constitutional obligations to us in reference to that property, and by the use of their power in the Federal Government have striven to deprive us of an equal enjoyment of the common Territories of the Republic." January 26 - Louisiana secedes from the Union. January 29 - Kansas becomes the thirty fourth state and enters the Union as a free state in 1861. February 1 - The Texas Legislature votes to secede from the Union. In a general election, held on February 23, 1861, voters ratified secession by a better than three to one margin. Texas Declaration of Secession states: "In all the non-slaveholding States, in violation of that good faith and comity which should exist between entirely distinct nations, the people have formed themselves into a great sectional party, now strong enough in numbers to control the affairs of each of those States, based upon an unnatural feeling of hostility to these Southern States and their beneficent and patriarchal system of African slavery, proclaiming the debasing doctrine of equality of all men, irrespective of race or color - a doctrine at war with nature, in opposition to the experience of mankind, and in violation of the plainest revelations of Divine Law. They demand the abolition of negro slavery throughout the confederacy, the recognition of political equality between the white and negro races, and avow their determination to press on their crusade against us, so long as a negro slave remains in these States." February 8 - Provisional Constitution of the Confederacy adopted in Montgomery, Alabama. February 9 - Jefferson Davis unanimously elected President of the Confederacy by delegates to the Montgomery convention. March 4 - Abraham Lincoln inaugurated as sixteenth president of the United States - view Lincoln's First Inaugural Address. April 12, 4:30 am - South Carolina's Fort Sumter is fired upon by the Confederates - The War Begins. April 13 - U.S. Major-General Anderson surrenders Ft. Sumter. April 15 - In Washington, President Lincoln issues a proclamation announcing an "insurrection," and calls for 75,000 troops to be raised from the militia of the several States of the Union. April 17 - Virginia secedes from the Union. May 6 - Arkansas secedes from the Union. May20 - North Carolina secedes from the Union. June 8 - Tennessee secedes from the Union. 5. Lincoln and Border States 6. Important Civil War Events - APUSH Explained Civil War Slideshow HW - Articles: A. Watch: Crash Course Civil War Pt. 1
Issue 14: 1. Explain the two external causes of Southern defeat. 2. What were the internal problems that may have led to Southern defeat? (3 main theories). 3. In what way does Albert Castel reject both the external and internal theories? Issue 15 1. Read both the YES and NO articles 2. Which article do you agree with the most? 3. Write a paragraph defending your choice. Provide at least three pieces of evidence from the article to support your position (quotes with analysis/explanations). |
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